Alloy e phahameng ea mocheso e boetse e bitsoa motsoako oa matla a mocheso. Ho ea ka sebopeho sa matrix, lisebelisoa li ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e meraro: tšepe e thehiloeng ho nickel-based le chromium-based. Ho latela mokhoa oa tlhahiso, e ka aroloa ka superalloy e holofetseng le superalloy ea cast.
Ke thepa e tala ea bohlokoa tšimong ea sefofane. Ke thepa ea bohlokoa bakeng sa karolo ea mocheso o phahameng oa lienjine tsa tlhahiso ea lifofane le lifofane. E sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ho etsa kamore ea mollo, lehare la turbine, lehare la tataiso, compressor le turbine disk, kesi ea turbine le likarolo tse ling. Mocheso oa mocheso oa tšebeletso ke 600 ℃ - 1200 ℃. Khatello ea maikutlo le maemo a tikoloho a fapana ho ea ka likarolo tse sebelisoang. Ho na le litlhoko tse thata bakeng sa thepa ea mochini, ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale ea alloy. Ke eona ntlha ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso, ts'epahalo le bophelo ba enjene. Ka hona, superalloy ke e 'ngoe ea merero ea bohlokoa ea lipatlisiso mafapheng a sefofane le tšireletso ea naha linaheng tse tsoetseng pele.
Lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong tsa superalloy ke:
1. Mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso bakeng sa kamore e tukang
The combustion room (eo hape e tsejoang e le flame tube) ea enjene ea turbine ea sefofane ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa mocheso o phahameng. Kaha mafura a atomization, ho kopanya oli le khase le lits'ebetso tse ling li etsoa ka kamoreng ea mollo, mocheso o phahameng ka kamoreng ea mollo o ka fihla ho 1500 ℃ - 2000 ℃, 'me mocheso oa lebota ka kamoreng ea mollo o ka fihla ho 1100 ℃. Ka nako e ts'oanang, e boetse e jara khatello ea mocheso le khatello ea khase. Lienjineri tse ngata tse nang le karo-karolelano e phahameng ea boima ba 'mele li sebelisa likamore tse tukang tsa annular, tse nang le bolelele bo bokhutšoane le matla a phahameng a mocheso. Mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa ka kamoreng ea mollo o fihla ho 2000 ℃, 'me mocheso oa lebota o fihla ho 1150 ℃ ka mor'a filimi ea khase kapa mocheso oa mouoane. Li-gradients tse kholo tsa mocheso pakeng tsa likarolo tse fapaneng li tla hlahisa khatello ea mocheso, e tla phahama le ho oa haholo ha boemo ba ho sebetsa bo fetoha. Boitsebiso bo tla ba tlas'a mocheso oa mocheso le mokhathala oa mocheso, 'me ho tla ba le ho sotha, mapetsong le liphoso tse ling. Ka kakaretso, kamore e tukang e entsoe ka alloy sheet, 'me litlhoko tsa tekheniki li akaretsoa ka tsela e latelang ho ea ka maemo a ts'ebeletso ea likarolo tse itseng: e na le khanyetso e itseng ea oxidation le khase e hanyetsanang le kutu tlas'a maemo a ho sebelisa mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso le khase; E na le matla a itseng a hang-hang le a mamello, ts'ebetso ea mokhathala oa mocheso le coefficient e tlase ea ho atolosa; E na le polasetiki e lekaneng le bokhoni ba weld ho netefatsa ts'ebetso, ho theha le ho hokahanya; E na le botsitso bo botle ba mokhatlo tlas'a potoloho ea mocheso ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e ka tšeptjoang ka har'a bophelo ba tšebeletso.
a. MA956 motsoako oa porous laminate
Qalong, laminate ea porous e ne e entsoe ka letlapa la HS-188 alloy ka ho kopanya ka mor'a ho nkoa lifoto, ho kenngoa, ho phunyeletsoa le ho otloa. Lera le ka hare le ka etsoa mocha o motle oa ho pholile ho latela litlhoko tsa moralo. Mohaho ona o pholileng o hloka feela 30% ea khase e pholileng ea pholileng ea filimi ea setso, e ka ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ea mocheso oa mocheso oa enjene, ho fokotsa mocheso oa 'nete oa mocheso oa thepa ea kamore ea mollo, ho fokotsa boima ba' mele le ho eketsa boima ba 'mele. karolelano. Hona joale, ho ntse ho hlokahala hore u phunyeletse theknoloji ea bohlokoa pele e ka sebelisoa. The porous laminate e entsoeng ka MA956 ke moloko o mocha oa thepa ea kamore ea mollo e hlahisoang ke United States, e ka sebelisoang ho 1300 ℃.
b. Tšebeliso ea metsoako ea ceramic ka kamoreng ea mollo
United States e qalile ho netefatsa hore na ho na le monyetla oa ho sebelisa li-ceramics bakeng sa li-turbine tsa khase ho tloha ka 1971. Ka 1983, lihlopha tse ling tse neng li tšoarehile ho nts'etsopele ea thepa e tsoetseng pele United States li thehile letoto la matšoao a ts'ebetso bakeng sa mechine ea khase e sebelisoang lifofaneng tse tsoetseng pele. Matšoao ana ke: eketsa mocheso oa turbine inlet ho 2200 ℃; Sebetsa tlas'a boemo ba ho tuka ha palo ea lik'hemik'hale; Fokotsa sekhahla se sebelisoang likarolong tsena ho tloha ho 8g / cm3 ho ea ho 5g / cm3; Hlakola ho pholile ha likarolo. E le ho finyella litlhoko tsena, lisebelisoa tse ithutoang li kenyelletsa graphite, matrix a tšepe, metsoako ea matrix ea ceramic le metsoako ea intermetallic ho phaella ho li-ceramics tsa karolo e le 'ngoe. Likarolo tsa Ceramic matrix (CMC) li na le melemo e latelang:
Coefficient ea katoloso ea thepa ea ceramic e nyane haholo ho feta ea alloy e thehiloeng ho nickel, 'me ho bonolo ho penta ho roala. Ho etsa li-composite tsa ceramic ka tšepe e bohareng e utloang ho ka hlola sekoli sa flaking, e leng tataiso ea nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa kamore ea mollo. Thepa ena e ka sebelisoa ka moea o pholileng oa 10% - 20%, 'me mocheso oa tšepe o ka morao o ka bang 800 ℃ feela,' me mocheso o nang le mocheso o tlase haholo ho feta oa ho pholile ka tsela e fapaneng le ho pholisa filimi. Cast superalloy B1900 + tile e sireletsang ea ceramic e sebelisoa enjeneng ea V2500, 'me tataiso ea nts'etsopele ke ho nkela sebaka sa B1900 (ka ceramic coating) ka motsoako oa SiC-based kapa anti-oxidation C/C composite. Ceramic matrix composite ke thepa ea nts'etsopele ea kamore ea ho chesa enjene e nang le boima ba boima ba 15-20, 'me mocheso oa eona oa ts'ebeletso ke 1538 ℃ - 1650 ℃. E sebelisoa bakeng sa tube ea lelakabe, lerako le phaphametseng le li-afterburner.
2. Alloy e phahameng ea mocheso bakeng sa turbine
Aero-engine turbine blade ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse jereng mocheso o matla ka ho fetisisa le tikoloho e mpe ka ho fetisisa ea ho sebetsa enjeneng ea moea. E tlameha ho jara khatello e kholo haholo le e rarahaneng tlas'a mocheso o phahameng, kahoo litlhoko tsa eona tsa thepa li thata haholo. Li-superalloys tsa mahare a turbine ea aero-enjene li arotsoe ka:
a.Mocheso o phahameng oa motsoako bakeng sa tataiso
The deflector ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa enjene ea turbine tse angoang haholo ke mocheso. Ha mollo o sa lekaneng o etsahala ka kamoreng ea mollo, mocheso oa mocheso oa mochine oa tataiso oa sethaleng sa pele o moholo, e leng lebaka le ka sehloohong la tšenyo ea vane ea tataiso. Thempereichara ea eona ea tšebeletso e ka ba 100 ℃ e phahameng ho feta ea lehare la turbine. Phapang ke hore likarolo tse tsitsitseng ha li tlas'a mojaro oa mechine. Hangata, ho bonolo ho baka khatello ea mocheso, ho sotha, mokhathala oa mocheso ho phatloha le ho chesoa ha libaka ho bakoang ke phetoho e potlakileng ea mocheso. The guide vane alloy e tla ba le thepa e latelang: matla a lekaneng a mocheso o phahameng, ts'ebetso e sa feleng ea mokhathala le ts'ebetso e ntle ea mokhathala oa mocheso, khanyetso e phahameng ea oxidation le ts'ebetso ea mocheso oa mocheso, khatello ea mocheso le ho hanyetsa ho sisinyeha, bokhoni ba ho koba, ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho lahla le ho chesehela, le ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso ea ho roala.
Hajoale, lienjineri tse tsoetseng pele haholo tse nang le karo-karolelano e phahameng ea boima ba 'mele li sebelisa li-blades tse se nang letho, 'me ho khethoa li-superalloy tse thehiloeng ho nickel e le 'ngoe. Enjene e nang le karo-karolelano e phahameng ea boima ba 'mele e na le mocheso o phahameng oa 1650 ℃ - 1930 ℃ mme e hloka ho sireletsoa ka ho roala ha mocheso oa mocheso. Mocheso oa ts'ebeletso ea motsoako oa blade tlas'a maemo a pholileng le a tšireletso a koahelang o feta 1100 ℃, e leng se hlahisang litlhoko tse ncha le tse phahameng bakeng sa litšenyehelo tsa mocheso oa mocheso oa lisebelisoa tsa lehare la tataiso nakong e tlang.
b. Superalloys bakeng sa mahare a turbine
Li-blade tsa turbine ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tse potolohang mocheso tsa lienjine tsa moea. Mocheso oa tsona oa ts'ebetso o tlase ho 50 ℃ - 100 ℃ ho feta li-blades tsa tataiso. Li na le khatello e kholo ea centrifugal, khatello ea ho sisinyeha, khatello ea mocheso, ho hloekisoa ha moea le liphello tse ling ha li potoloha, 'me maemo a ho sebetsa a fokola. Bophelo ba ts'ebeletso ea likarolo tse chesang tsa enjene e nang le karo-karolelano e phahameng ea boima / boima bo feta 2000h. Ka hona, turbine blade alloy e tla ba le khanyetso e phahameng ea creep le matla a ho phatloha ka mocheso oa ts'ebeletso, thepa e ntle ea mocheso o phahameng le o bohareng, joalo ka mokhathala o phahameng le o tlase oa potoloho, mokhathala o batang le o chesang, polasetiki e lekaneng le ho ba le tšusumetso e matla, le kutloisiso ea notch; Ho hanyetsa oxidation e phahameng le ho hanyetsa kutu; Ts'ebetso e ntle ea mocheso le coefficient e tlase ea katoloso ea linear; Ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho lahla; Ho tsitsa ha nako e telele, ha ho na pula ea mohato oa TCP mocheso oa tšebeletso. Alloy e sebelisitsoeng e feta mekhahlelo e mene; Lisebelisoa tsa alloy tse holofetseng li kenyelletsa GH4033, GH4143, GH4118, joalo-joalo; Tšebeliso ea motsoako oa ho lahla o kenyelletsa K403, K417, K418, K405, tataiso e tiileng ea khauta ea DZ4, DZ22, motsoako o le mong oa kristale DD3, DD8, PW1484, joalo-joalo. Motsoako o le mong oa kristale oa China DD3 le DD8 li sebelisoa ka tatellano ho li-turbine tsa China, lienjene tsa turbofan, lihelikopthara le lienjine tsa likepe.
3. Mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso bakeng sa disk ea turbine
The turbine disk ke eona e sithabetsang ka ho fetisisa e potolohang karolo ea enjene ea turbine. Mocheso o sebetsang oa lebili flange ea enjene e nang le karo-karolelano ea boima ba 8 le 10 e fihla ho 650 ℃ le 750 ℃, 'me mocheso oa setsi sa mabili o ka bang 300 ℃, ka phapang e kholo ea mocheso. Nakong ea ho potoloha ho tloaelehileng, e khanna lehare ho potoloha ka lebelo le phahameng 'me e na le matla a maholo a centrifugal, khatello ea mocheso le khatello ea maikutlo. Sebaka se seng le se seng sa ho qala le ho emisa ke potoloho, setsi sa mabili. 'metso, groove tlase le rim kaofela li na le likhatello tse fapaneng tse kopaneng. Alloy e hlokeha ho ba le matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a chai, ho ba le tšusumetso e matla le ho se be le kutloelo-bohloko mocheso oa tšebeletso; Coefficient ea katoloso e tlase; Tse itseng oxidation le kutu ho hanyetsa; Ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho itšeha.
4. Aerospace superalloy
Superalloy e ka har'a enjene ea rocket ea mokelikeli e sebelisoa e le karolo ea ente ea mafura ea kamore e tukang ka phaposing ea ho sututsa; Setsi sa pompo ea turbine, flange, graphite rudder fastener, joalo-joalo. Motsoako o phahameng oa mocheso ka har'a enjene ea rokete ea mokelikeli o sebelisoa e le phanele ea ente ea kamore ea mafura ka phaposing ea ho phunya; Turbine pump elbow, flange, graphite rudder fastener, joalo-joalo GH4169 e sebelisoa e le thepa ea turbine rotor, shaft, shaft sleeve, fastener le likarolo tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa ho jara.
Lisebelisoa tsa turbine rotor tsa enjene ea rocket ea mokelikeli oa Amerika haholo li kenyelletsa phala e kenang, lehare la turbine le disk. GH1131 alloy e sebelisoa haholo Chaena, 'me lehare la turbine le itšetlehile ka mocheso o sebetsang. Inconel x, Alloy713c, Astroloy le Mar-M246 li lokela ho sebelisoa ka ho latellana; Lisebelisoa tsa wheel disc li kenyelletsa Inconel 718, Waspaloy, joalo-joalo GH4169 le GH4141 li-turbine tsa bohlokoa li sebelisoa haholo, 'me GH2038A e sebelisetsoa shaft ea enjene.